Voluntary sodium intake during effort in hot environments

The factors that influence the amount of salt that a person adds to his food at mealtime, and the part played by the general requirement for salt in the daily diet stemming from the coluntary input of salt are studied. Careful measurements of salt intake and outflow were performed on ten marchers in a high temperature environment who were given individual salt shakers that were weighed before and after each meal. Some marchers were told to add salt to their meals on specific days. No parallelity was found between the voluntary sodium intake and the general sodium intake, the excretion of sodium in the urine or the environmental heat stress. Individual food habit was found to be the most important factor

Reduction of voluntary dehydration during effort in hot environments

During an experimental marching trip the daily positive fluid balance was preserved by providing a wide choice of beverages during the hours of the day. It was found that the beverage most suitable for drinking in large quantities during periods of effort was a cold drink with sweetened (citrus) fruit taste. Carbonated drinks, including beer, but milk also, were found unsuitable for this purpose

When resources collide: Towards a theory of coincidence in information spaces

This paper is an attempt to lay out foundations for a general theory of coincidence in information spaces such as the World Wide Web, expanding on existing work on bursty structures in document streams and information cascades. We elaborate on the hypothesis that every resource that is published in an information space, enters a temporary interaction with another resource once a unique explicit or implicit reference between the two is found. This thought is motivated by Erwin Shroedingers notion of entanglement between quantum systems. We present a generic information cascade model that exploits only the temporal order of information sharing activities, combined with inherent properties of the shared information resources. The approach was applied to data from the world's largest online citizen science platform Zooniverse and we report about findings of this case study

Multiple Pathways to Success: An Examination of Integrative Motivational Profiles Among Upper Elementary and College Students

Two studies were conducted with distinct samples to investigate how motivational beliefs cohere and function together (i.e., motivational profiles) and predict academic adjustment. Integrating across motivational theories, participants (NStudy 1 = 160 upper elementary students; NStudy 2 = 325 college students) reported on multiple types of motivation (achievement goals, task value, perceived competence) for schooling more generally (Study 1) and in science (Study 2). Three profiles characterized by Moderate-High All, Intrinsic and Confident, and Average All motivation were identified in both studies. Profiles characterized by Very High All motivation (Study 1) and Moderate Intrinsic and Confident (Study 2) were also present. Across studies, the Moderate-High All and Intrinsic and Confident profiles were associated with the highest academic engagement and achievement. Findings highlight the benefit of integrating across motivational theories when creating motivational profiles, provide initial evidence regarding similarities and differences in integrative motivational profiles across distinct samples, and identify which motivational combinations are associated with beneficial academic outcomes in two educational contexts

Analisis Ekonomi Usahatani Bawang Merah Varietas Tuk-Tuk Di Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu

This research has been conducted at Fatuketi Village Kakuluk Mesak Subdistrict Belu District. The purpose of this research weretoknow (1) the amount revenue and income of red onion variety Tuk-Tuk, (2) the relative profit, (3) the break event point (BEP), and (4) the primary data was collected by interviewing respondent using questionnaires. Data collected was analysis descriptively, followed by revenue analysis, income, R/C ratio, BEP and capital efficiency analysis The results of research showed that the average income per hectare of Tuk-Tuk variety onion at research location was Rp.415.542.737with an average revenue per hectare wasRp.454.062.500 and average was cost per hectare wasRp.38.518.763. The break event point of productionwas 6.136,49 kgperhectare andthe break event point ofprice was Rp.1.473, while theR/C ratio value was 9,60and from the capital efficiency analysis result (85%) it was found thad the onion farming was capital intensive Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1)besarnya penerimaan dan pendapatan,(2)keuntungan relatif , (3)besar break event point (BEP) dan (4)efisiensi penggunaan modal usahatani bawang merah varietas tuk-tuk. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara didapat dari responden menggunakan kuisioner, data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif diikuti oleh analisis penerimaan, pendapatan, R/C rasio, BEP dan analisis efisiensi modal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan perhektar usahatani bawang merah varietas tuk-tuk di lokasi penelitian sebesar Rp.415.542.737 dengan rata-rata penerimaan perhektar sebesar Rp.454.062.500 dan rata-rata biaya perhektar Rp.38.518.763.Break event point produksi sebanyak 6.136,49 kilogram perhektar dan break event point harga sebesar Rp.1.473, sedangkan untuk nilai R/C ratio sebesar 9,60 perhektar dan penggunaan modal produksi usahatani adalah sebesar 85% yang artinya bahwa penggunaan modal pada usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk di lokasi penelitian bersifatCapital intensive

Fluctuations of company yearly profits versus scaled revenue: Fat tail distribution of Levy type

We analyze annual revenues and earnings data for the 500 largest-revenue U.S. companies during the period 1954-2007. We find that mean year profits are proportional to mean year revenues, exception made for few anomalous years, from which we postulate a linear relation between company expected mean profit and revenue. Mean annual revenues are used to scale both company profits and revenues. Annual profit fluctuations are obtained as difference between actual annual profit and its expected mean value, scaled by a power of the revenue to get a stationary behavior as a function of revenue. We find that profit fluctuations are broadly distributed having approximate power-law tails with a Levy-type exponent $\alpha \simeq 1.7$, from which we derive the associated break-even probability distribution. The predictions are compared with empirical data.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Tailored carrier/bacteria technology for rehabilitation of areas with pesticide-containing pollution – AQUAREHAB WP2

Postprint (published version

Inheritance patterns in citation networks reveal scientific memes

Memes are the cultural equivalent of genes that spread across human culture by means of imitation. What makes a meme and what distinguishes it from other forms of information, however, is still poorly understood. Our analysis of memes in the scientific literature reveals that they are governed by a surprisingly simple relationship between frequency of occurrence and the degree to which they propagate along the citation graph. We propose a simple formalization of this pattern and we validate it with data from close to 50 million publication records from the Web of Science, PubMed Central, and the American Physical Society. Evaluations relying on human annotators, citation network randomizations, and comparisons with several alternative approaches confirm that our formula is accurate and effective, without a dependence on linguistic or ontological knowledge and without the application of arbitrary thresholds or filters.Comment: 8 two-column pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review